Lung Cancer

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, the vital organs responsible for oxygen exchange in the body. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This condition typically originates in the cells lining the air passages, where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that interfere with lung function

Types of Lung Cancer

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

This is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of cases. It includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. NSCLC tends to grow and spread slower than other types

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

Representing about 15% of cases, SCLC is aggressive and spreads quickly, often diagnosed at advanced stages. This type is closely associated with heavy smoking

What Causes Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer develops due to mutations in lung cell DNA, leading to uncontrolled growth. These mutations can be caused by

1. Smoking: The primary cause of lung cancer, as tobacco smoke contains harmful carcinogens.
2. Secondhand Smoke: Inhalation of smoke from others increases risk.
3. Environmental Exposure: Radon gas, asbestos, and air pollution are known contributors.
4. Genetic Factors: A family history of lung cancer can elevate risk.
5. Lifestyle Choices: Poor diet and lack of exercise might indirectly contribute by weakening overall health.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Early stages often go unnoticed, but as the disease progresses, symptoms may include

1. Persistent cough that worsens over time
2. Chest pain during breathing or coughing
3. Shortness of breath
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Coughing up blood
6. Fatigue and general weakness

How is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?

Timely diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Common diagnostic methods include

1. Imaging Tests: X-rays and CT scans identify suspicious areas in the lungs.
2. Biopsy: Collecting tissue samples for microscopic examination.
3. Sputum Cytology: Examining mucus for cancer cells.
4. Molecular Testing: Detecting genetic mutations that can guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

Lung cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, and patient health. Common treatments include

1. Surgery: Removing the tumor or a part of the lung in early-stage cases.
2. Radiation Therapy: Targeting cancer cells with high-energy rays.
3. Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells.
4. Targeted Therapy: Medications targeting specific mutations in cancer cells.
5. Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to recognize and attack cancer.

Preventing Lung Cancer

While not all cases are preventable, you can reduce risk by

1. Avoiding smoking or quitting if you're a smoker
2. Testing for radon in your home
3. Limiting exposure to harmful chemicals
4. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and exercise

Lung cancer is a serious health condition, but advancements in medicine are improving survival rates and quality of life. Early detection and prevention are key. If you experience symptoms or have risk factors, consult a pulmonologist for a thorough evaluation